Why is the manor called "Bayons"?
At the Conquest the manor became the property of the William the Conqueror’s half-brother Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, it was then named Bayeux Manor later corrupted to Bayons, it became the baronial inheritance of the family of De Bayeux till the reign of Edward II., subsequent owners were Beaumont, and then, by inheritance, into the hands of Francis Lovell, 1st Viscount Lovell and d'Eyncourt, who forfeited it, with his other vast possessions to Henry VII, due to his involvement in the battle of Stoke, 1487. This powerful nobleman avoided capture, he was said to have lived for years afterwards in a cave or vault. The only person who knew of his presence was a faithful servant who locked him into the secret room at Minster Lovell Hall and brought him his food. According to legend, the servant died unexpectedly, leaving Lovell to starve to death. In 1718 a vault was said to have been discovered, containing the skeleton of a man in rich attire, with a cap, book, paper, pens, etc sitting at a table with a skeleton dog at his feet.
Bayons Manor came into the possession of the Crown, and was granted by Henry VIII to Sir Henry Norris, who was later decapitated for his friendship with Queen Anne Boleyn following her fall from grace with Henry VIII. Bayons was again forfeited, but afterwards, by grant and repurchase, came back to, and continued the property of, the descendants of William, second son of, Alice, Baroness D’Eyncourt, and male heir of the Lord Lovell and D’Eyncourt.
George Clayton Tennyson, Alfred's grandfather, descended from a long line of south Yorkshire yeoman farmers and professional men, who moved to Lincolnshire in the eighteenth century. George’s father, Michael, was a surgeon in Market Rasen, and married, Elizabeth Clayton, whose family owned much of Grimsby. The Claytons were co-heirs of the Earls of Scarsdale and descendants of the medieval family of d’Eyncourt. George became the most successful solicitor in Lincolnshire and South Yorkshire. The profits of his business, combined with shrewd purchase of farm land at slump prices, made him a rich man.
At the end of the eighteenth century he bought Tealby Lodge, and built a property around it. The original bay-fronted Regency building was the size of a thatched cottage, but it was in a beautiful position on the west slope of the Wolds, and there were traces of a medieval castle about 100 yards from the house. He enlarged the existing buildings, planted trees and formed a park. It was about this time that Tealby Lodge was renamed Bayons Manor.
George died in 1835, his eldest son was also George Clayton Tennyson, Alfred’s father, George senior had decided his eldest son was unfit to succeed him. He disinherited him, supplied him with a family living at Somersby and properties in the growing town of Grimsby, and concentrated his energies and money on his second son, Charles. George, the son, predeceased his father by 4 years.
Charles was left Bayons Manor and the bulk of his father's property, plus an allowance of £7,000 a year. Almost immediately Charles added d’Eyncourt to his name; they were ancestors of Elizabeth Clayton, his grandmother.
Charles was Tory MP for Grimsby from 1816 to 1822, he remained MP at other constituencies until 1852. Charles married Francis Mary Hutton at All Saints Church, Gainsborough in 1808.
Between 1818 and 1825 he had been busily engaged in advising and helping his brother-in-law, the millionaire Durham coal owner Matthew Russell, in the task of resurrecting one of the most magnificent modern castles in England from the scant ruins of medieval Brancepeth Castle. With this experience behind him and with considerably increased antiquarian knowledge, he embarked on a similar task at Bayons.
Lincoln architect W A Nicholson was employed to design Bayons Manor, but most of the design was down to Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt; when he was in London weekly, sometimes daily, writing letters with changes including drawings and plans. Nicholson was noted for designing fairly boring buildings but with the aid of Charles produced an extravagant neo-Gothic manor.
Charles employed a small army of workmen, several from Italy.
In 1836 the foundations of the Great Hall were laid, and a little later the Library wing was built to the north. The hall faced south. The two neo-Tudor Regency bays remained. In the centre of the north front, the massive tower was built. The date is about 1839. At this stage Bayons was still only a medium-sized manor house. Then the mood changed and the works began to get theatric. Inner and outer defensive walls were erected, a moat dug, and an embattled barbican with a mock drawbridge provided. Bayons Manor was almost finished but the design was thought to be incomplete, a tower was suggested as the necessary central point, a flag was hoisted at the site of the intended tower, to give idea of its effect, it was approved and the tower was built. Later the house was surrounded by fake fortifications. The manor comprised of 60 rooms, twelve battlemented towers, a keep, a moat, and a great hall that would seat 150 guests. It was completed by 1842. Among the fine fittings and furniture installed in the Great Hall were heavy bronze chandeliers that previously hung in the Palace of Westminster, and were removed after the fire of 1834 and statues of two English kings (one being Edward the Confessor), the statues were returned to the Palace of Westminster when Bayons was abandoned. There was also a dining table made for Burghley House too big for there, but not for the Great Hall. The main framework of the interior was Gothic, with open timber roofs and elaborate Gothic chimneypieces in the hall and others of the main rooms. Crace & Sons of London installed painted decorations and wallpapers by Pugin. Armour, weapons, heraldry and stained glass abounded. But there were also busts of Napoleon and Byron, classical tapestries, Etruscan vases, and pictures by Van der Neer and Guardi. 
The literary equivalents of Bayons are the novels of Walter Scott and still more of Charles d’Eyncourt’s friend Bulwer-Lytton, who wrote Harold the Last of the Saxon Kings (1848) during a stay there. Charles was himself a bad poet. He considered his nephew’s poetry ‘horrid rubbish’ and was disgusted when he was made Poet Laureate.
Keeping the tenants happy
This lithograph shows the tenants being entertained in the hall of Bayons Manor in 1842. The formula was found to work remarkably well; with the squire and his tenant farmers in the hall, the rest of the gentry in the dining room and the labourers in a marquee in the park, the Victorian countryside sailed out of agrarian discontent into the calm waters of mid-Victorian deference.
Bayons Manor in 1887 Mrs Charlotte Ruth Tennyson d'Eyncourt was the last resident of Bayons Manor, she had lived there for 40 years, in 1944 she moved into the Garden Cottage in the park. She claimed in an interview that Charles Tennyson d'Eyncourt built Bayons Manor because his brother in law, Matthew Russell, spent £80,000 a year on his Co. Durham castle.
Mock Drawbridge and Barbican Gatehouse Bayons wasn't only a romantic interpretation of a medieval manor house; it was also a demonstration of the social status of the recently wealthy Tennyson family.
There is a story related by members of the family that Charles in old age was being driven in a carriage through park looking back at Bayons Manor and saying "I must have been mad."
Charles Tennyson-d'Eyncourt died 21 July 1861, one day after his 77th birthday. Charles' eldest son, George Hildyard Tennyson D'Eyncourt, inherited Bayons Manor, he died 23 March 1871 and was succeeded by his brother Admiral Edwin C Tennyson d'Eyncourt CB RN. Edwin C Tennyson-d'Eyncourt died 14 Jan 1903, he was succeeded by his nephew Edmund Charles Tennyson-d'Eyncourt, The last lord of the manor of Tealby.There was a fundamental flaw in the construction of Bayons Manor, the local stone that was used in the main structure had deteriorated but the cappings were of Portland Stone which is much heavier and was crushing the local stone. The cost of rectifying this flaw was estimated at £90,000 in the 1960s, about £1.7 million today (Bank of England figures).- Bayons Manor was taken over by the army in the Second World War.
- The Tennyson-d'Eyncourts sold the manor house and park to local farmer, Reginald W Drakes in January 1944
In 1956 trees were growing out of curtain walls, the adjacent buildings had collapsed in a jumble of timbers, and the whole looked ready to return to nature. It was truly the enchanted palace of the Sleeping Beauty, ‘a fairy-tale invention’ wrote Mark Girouard. I wandered through room after room, Pugin papers fluttering off the walls, the hammerbeamed Great Hall a wreck, panelling ripped off and splintered, wonderful carved stone Puginesque chimney-pieces defaced. Geoffrey Houghton Brown’s antique dealer from Grantham had carted off a load of Gothic furniture some years before. Upstairs, birds fluttered and cawed at my presence. I thought then, and later wrote: ‘Bayons is now in total decay, and never looked better.’ In 1959 the situation had changed little since my first visit, the decay simply more picturesque,
Aerial view of Bayons Manor c.1960 The Bayons Manor Estate was sold to E A Sheardown Ltd of Marston, Lincolnshire for £162,000 in 1964. The manor house had been subject to theft of lead, wood panelling, and damage since the Second World War. The Manor had become a white elephant, World War One had changed peoples views of employment, women found they could do other jobs apart from domestic service, and the new ambitions brought higher wages. Sixty rooms took a great deal of work, cleaning, lighting and maintaining fires in rooms. Add to that the cost of maintaining the buildings and it's obvious impossible to keep going.
The Ministry of Housing and Local Government in 1964 suggested to the Lindsey County Council that the buildings be left as a "Monumental Ruin", the cost of clearing rubble and making the buildings was deemed too expensive.
The demolition of Bayons Manor began in September 1964, The main tower which housed the principal drawing room and staterooms above was blown up. In October the remaining parts of the building and walls were blown up.
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A blog about the history of Lincolnshire; people, places, companies.
The Lost Houses of Lincolnshire - Bayons Manor
Lincoln Companies - R M Wright & Co Ltd
William Dyke was the licensee of the George and Fox in Penkridge in Staffordshire 1869 to 1880, he then became a beerseller, his assets were liquidated in December 1881. By 1891 he was living in Orchard Street, Lincoln and employed a corn merchants labourer, probably for Henry Elsey who was a lodger in his home.
William and his wife had two of their children living with them in 1891. Their oldest child, Albert George Dyke, worked as a confectioner.
Albert was a successful racing cyclist, gaining many cups, statuettes, vases, shields during his racing career. He began racing in 1880 when he lived in Staffordshire. Albert was asked by a Lincolnshire Echo reporter why he was not racing under his own name, his response "... when I started racing I raced under my own name I was then 16 and was apprenticed at Wolverhampton. In 1881, I had a bad smash, and my employer then said he would not allow me to race, but I thought I could do something, so I decided I would try. I wrote to the NCU* and the AAA*, stating my case, and asking that I be allowed to ride in a family name R M Wright. I was granted permission, but with the condition that I never ride in any other name so long as I live." He rode under his brother in laws name, Ralph Montague Wright.
Albert started his business by selling Sunbeam bicycles from his home in Orchard Street in 1892
He married local woman Rose Emma Horner in 1894. Between 1895 and 1902 they had 3 children, the last was Ralph Montague (R M) Wright Dyke, named obviously with intention of taking over the business later, sadly Ralph died in 1903.
Wrights launched the "Stonebow Autocar" made by Payne and Bates of Coventry in 1900. R M Wright & Co were the first motor dealers in Lincoln
In the 1901 Census Albert and Rose were living at 88 Bailgate, Lincoln,his occupation was shown as ”Cycle & Motor Manufacturers Agent”. By 1911 they were living close to the business at 12 Newland .
He was a keen motorist involved with motoring clubs in Lincoln and Nottingham, this led to the early success of his business; he entered competitions in the name of R M Wright to give publicity to his business. To prove the reliability of the Humber car he organised a 5,000 mile trial. He also took part in other trials.
Albert was what we would today call a "boy racer", convicted many time of riding a bicycle (even in a race) or driving a car "furiously" and driving at excess speed, ranging from 7 to 27 mph.
Their showroom on Newland featured a vehicle lift so that cars could be raised to the first floor showroom. This showroom would accommodate over 30 cars.
Incorporated as R M Wright & Co Ltd before 1919.
R M Wright became Austin distributors in 1922
Albert’s wife died in Lincoln in1927.
The company was taken over in 1927 and became R M Wright (1927) Ltd., the directors were Frederick Arthur Cox, Margaret A Cox and John Charles Ivens; F A Cox was managing director of the company. Frederick Cox died in November 1938, he had been ill for over 5 years. John Ivens became managing director. 1953 entry from www.gracesguide.co.uk R. M. Wright & Co. (1927) Ltd. Car and Light Commercial Vehicle Stockists. Newland, Lincoln. Telephone: 397. Directors: J. C. Ivens (Managing). M. A. Cox. F. R. Cox. Peter J. C. Ivens (Sales Manager). Managers: S. Pinder (Service—Repairs). F. H. Kirby (Spares).
Albert Dyke died in Oswestry in 1940
R M Wright (1986) Ltd was acquired by the Lincolnshire Co-operative Society Limited in1986
Wrights remained as distributors for Austin motor vehicles, continuing through British Motor Corporation, the nationalised British Leyland Motor Holdings, British Leyland and the Rover Group. Unfortunately, financial health of the company was closely linked to that of its supplier. It was obvious to the owners of the company that the Rover Group was in trouble so it was decided that R M Wright, after nearly 100 years of trading, would be wound up and the Lincoln premises on Outer Circle Road would be re-branded as Holland Bros and the more appealing Jaguar products would be retailed.
In early 2012 Lincolnshire Co-operative Ltd sold Holland Bros to the Marshall Motor Group.
*National Cyclists Union
*Amateur Athletics Association
Lincoln Companies - W I Binks
For many Lincoln people aged over 50, W I Binks was the main cycle dealer in Lincoln.
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| St Benedict's Square 1894 to 1961 |
About 1886 travelled to the United states to work for his uncle, Giles Ambrose Binks
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| 1895 Advert |
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| 1900 Advert |
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| 1901 Advert |
Lincoln Arboretum
The Lincoln Commons Act of 1870 enabled Lincoln Corporation to purchase Monks Leys Common for the building of housing for Lincoln's booming population. Towns and cities throughout the country were recognising the leisure needs of their people, Lincoln was no exception in this and in 1870 undertook to provide a public park in what was to become a densely populated part of the City. Temple Gardens, although privately owned, had been used as a public park on an informal basis. Joseph Mawer Collingham, a son of the founder of the department store, Joseph Collingham, bought Temple Gardens in 1863 and built his new house on Lindum Road on the south side of Temple Gardens. Read more about Temple Gardens here.
Edward Milner (1819-84) was commissioned to design what was to become The Arboretum. Milner was responsible for the design of the grounds of Hartsholme Hall in 1862. Three acres of Monks Leys Common was sold to fund the development of The Arboretum. Milner also designed the West Gate Lodge and the Tea Room at the main entrance from Monks Road. At the first flight of steps an Edward Milner designed a pavilion was erected but, following years of neglect and vandalism, it was taken down in 1948.
The Arboretum was opened in August 1872. The importance to local people of the new attraction was the fact that 25,000 people attended the opening ceremony (Lincoln's population at the 1871 census was a little less than 27,000). The people were entertained by Professor Renzo’s Performing Dogs, Mr Emmanuel Jackson, the Midland aeronaut in his new balloon, brass band recitals and a ladies choir from Liverpool.
F J Clarke, a successful Lincoln chemist, in 1872 presented to the Arboretum a Coade stone lion by Austin & Seeley of New Road, Regent's Park.
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| The Arboretum Lion Dave Hitchborne / The Lion, The Arboretum, Lincoln / |
Brass Band concerts* had become a popular event in the Arboretum and in 1884 a bandstand was erected on the large lawn in front of the terrace and a cast iron shelter constructed by Lockerbie and Wilson, of Tipton, Staffordshire, was also erected about the same time.
In 1894 Nathaniel Clayton Cockburn donated land to the north west for an extension to the Arboretum. This was laid out by Edward Milner's son Henry Ernest Milner (1845-1906).
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| A fountain was erected in 1911 to celebrate the turning on of the new water supply from Elkesley in Nottinghamshire. |
Sister Swan's Nursing Home at Cold Bath House, stood near the Junction of Lindum Terrace and Sewell Road. During the Second World War the House was bombed and eventually demolished. The house got it's name from a spring which ran into its cellar. In 1953, to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II, the site was landscaped and added to the Arboretum, the spring is used to create a water feature in the Arboretum. This extension increased the area of the Arboretum to 21 acres (8.8 hectares).
The Arboretum was renovated in 2002/3 at a cost of £3 million to bring it back to its original condition.
*In 1889 over 40,000 people attended the band concerts.
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Lincoln Companies - Fambrini & Daniels
This unusual building stands on Canwick Road.
Joseph Fambrini, born in Italy in 1815, was a plaster manufacturer and landlord at the Packet Inn on Waterside North. He later moved to the Crown & Cushion (The Pelham Bridge in the image below) on Melville Street.
Fambrini produced artificial stone and moulded it to customer requirements. Fambrini and Joseph Daniels, his grandson, became partners in Fambrini & Daniels. They produced decorative artificial stone mouldings, they were listed in street directories as artificial stone manufacturers and architectural modellers.
Fambrini produced artificial stone and moulded it to customer requirements. Fambrini and Joseph Daniels, his grandson, became partners in Fambrini & Daniels. They produced decorative artificial stone mouldings, they were listed in street directories as artificial stone manufacturers and architectural modellers.
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| Florence Villa later Villa Firenze |
Fambrini no doubt benefited from the rapid growth of Lincoln housing in the latter half of the 19th century as he had a large house built on the corner of Monks Road and Baggholme Road in 1876, naturally artificial stone was used to decorate it. It was named Florence Villa (Florence may be where he was born). Fambrini resigned from the partnership in 1889 and Daniels continued trading as Fambrini & Daniels. Fabrini died in 1890 and his house was renamed Villa Firenze.
In 1899 Joseph Daniels commissioned William Mortimer to design an office & showroom (top picture) for Fambrini & Daniels. It was designed to exhibit many of the companies products. The building is Grade II listed. The eaves cornice has decorative corbels and banding, with above in parapet a projecting panel decorated with pendant flag and wreath. Rainwater heads in
form of monstrous heads. Side entrance facade has similar elaborate architectural detail. Topped with panel bearing Lincoln City coat of arms surmounted by segmental pediment
bearing date 1889.
The business was taken over by Lindum Stone Company about 1913.
Over 100 more posts @ https://itsaboutlincoln.blogspot.com/p/index-to-blogposts.html
Lincoln's Gates
Lincoln's Gates
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| Newport Arch by Skill |
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| Drawing of Newport Arch dated 1784. The north gate can be seen through the arch. On the right is a sign for the Windmill Inn which dated from 1756 |
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| Drawing of the Roman and medieval east gate by Nathan Drake c 1740 |
The Roman east gate (Porta Praetoria) was re-discovered in about 1730, it had been used as a wall wall between a house and stables. Sadly, it was demolished in 1763 on the orders of Sir Cecil Wray when Eastgate House was extended.
The remains of the Roman East Gate are visible in the grounds of the Lincoln Hotel opposite the north side of the Cathedral Chapter House.
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| Roman West Gate uncovered, to the right can be seen the Norman west gate which was reopened in 1993. |
The Roman West Gate of the upper city lies below the west wall of the castle. It was discovered in 1836 when the west side of the Castle Dykings were excavated. It was in almost perfect condition but had to be covered up because the weight of the Norman castle wall was causing it to collapse.
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| Exchequer Gate by Benjamin Howlett 1836 |
The Exchequer Gate, at the west front of the Cathedral, was the main entrance to the Cathedral Close. Built mid 14th century. It was originally a double gate with a courtyard between the gates. The western gate had fallen into disrepair and was pulled down in 1800, the stones were used to build the previous St Swithin's Church, a replacement for the church destroyed by the Royalists during the Civil War, The Great Tom Inn was on the southside of the courtyard, the inn closed in 1822.
The South Gate
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| A Drawing of the Roman South Gate by Nathan Drake c 1740 |
The Roman South Gate (Porta Principalis Dextra) stood near the top of Steep Hill. Parts of this gate were still standing in 1788 when Gough visited the city, but the arch was demolished in the early 1700s by a householder on the east side of the gate. According to Thomas Sympson writing in the early 18th century: (the arch was knocked down) "though not without much difficulty, as I have been informed by an eye-witness; for when the workmen, with a great deal of labour and pains, had battered one of the stones in the crown of the arch in pieces, rest being laid without mortar, sunk so equally on both sides that the hung as firm as ever, and their work was to begin anew". The position of the gate is marked by foundation stones on the side of the road
This double gate stood over the road on the east side of the Cathedral, the south gate on the site of the present Priory Gate the north gate near "The Rest".
Both gates were pulled down in 1815 and the present Priory Gate was built in 1825.
On Steep Hill, near the junction with Michaelgate/Wordsworth Street/Christ's Hospital
Terrace stood the Bail Gate, a medieval arch that was demolished in 1775. Separated the Bail
from the city. I can not find an image of the gate but it was probably similar to the Newland Gate
"A gateway near the White Hart Inn, and another opposite are of a workmanship very different from the rest of the erections on the wall of the Close: they possess little beauty and afford still less interest to the beholder. The appearance of that nearest the White Hart, is little superior to that of a country barn; is entirely without battlements, and the upper part projects considerable over the lower, and is supported by props resembling inverted buttresses." - Adam Stark (1815).
Clax le Gate
Clax le Gate or Clask Gate was situated at the junction of what is now Broadgate and Clasketgate. It is said the Knights Templars were confined there click here to read more. It was pulled down in 1785 when New (Later Lindum) Road was constructed.
The name Stonebow is from the Norse Steinbue meaning stone arch
Many streets that run nearby end in -gate which is Norse for street.
The Stonebow lies at the southern end of the Roman city of Lindum Colonia and stands on the site of the southern gate of the lower Roman town spanning Lincoln’s High Street, known as Ermine Street in Roman times. The Roman gateway existed into the mediaeval period but it was demolished in the 14th Century because it was unsafe.
In 1390 Richard II ordered a new gate be built to replace the demolished one. There were many delays in building the new arch, mainly that Lincoln was no longer the prosperous city it once was and could not afford the expense of a new gateway. The Stonebow, was eventually completed by William Spencer, a freeman of the city, in 1520 and is now a Grade 1 listed building.
Newland Gate stood on Newland a little west of Wigford Way, first recorded in 1275. It was the
west entrance of the lower city. A tall building with gables with a pointed archway, above were
arched windows. The gate was added to during the Civil War to defend the city against the
Parliamentarians. Demolished before 1800 because it was causing congestion in that part
of the city.
Great Bargate stood on the High Street a few feet north of the Sincil Drain. It was the main
entrance from the south into Lincoln. Removed in the middle of the 18th century.
Little Bargate stood east of Great Bar Gate on a bend in the Sincil Drain, it stood over the
route of the Roman Ermine Street. The gate was removed in the middle of the 18th century
and the bridge removed in 1825.
Swine's Gate was located south of Great Bar Gate. Here stood the first of the Eleanor Crosses.